ABSTRACT
ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） in Minhang District， Shanghai from 2009 to 2020， and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD. MethodsThe case information of HFMD was collected from the National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We used descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze the population characteristics， temporal and spatial distribution of HFMD， the pathogen composition of the case and its changing trend. ResultsFrom 2009 to 2020， a total of 66，198 cases of HFMD were reported in Minhang District， Shanghai， including 377 severe cases （severe case rate 0.57%） and 3 deaths （severs case fatality rate 0.80%）. There were more cases of HFMD in boys than in girls （1.5∶1）. HFMD patients aged under 5 years predominated， accounting for 88.91% of all cases. Majority of the cases （91.42%） were in scattered children （55.80%） and children in kindergartens （35.62%）. The incidence showed a cyclical trend， with low incidence years and high incidence years appearing alternately. The peak period was from April to July， and sometimes there were small peaks during October to December. A total of 12 years time-space scanning analysis revealed 3 clusters. The cluster centers were located in Wujing Town， Huacao Town and Xinzhuang Town， respectively. The proportion of EV71 in common cases was generally decreasing， and reduced to zero in 2019. The proportion of CoxA6 had increased year by year， and reached 75.00% in 2020. CoxA6 became the dominant pathogen in recent years. The number of severe cases had decreased year by year since 2010， and the dominant pathogen was EV71 （90.03% on average） in severe cases. ConclusionThe incidence of HFMD in Minhang District of Shanghai has a downward trend from 2014. The dominant pathogen changes from EV71 to CoxA6， and the dominant pathogen in severe cases is EV71. The discovered temporal and spatial clustering pattern is helpful for in-depth understanding of the distribution and epidemic trend of HFMD in Minhang District， and provides a scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the spatial distribution of the incidence of tuberculosis (TB)in China from 2012 to 2014 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of TB.Methods The database of TB in China from 2012 to 2014 was established by using geographical information system,the spatial distribution map was drawn,trend analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis were conducted to explore the spatial distribution pattern of TB and identify hot areas.Results The trend surface analysis showed that the incidence of TB decreased gradually from the west to the east in China,and the U type curve could reflect the TB distribution from the south to the north;Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed the 2012-2014 global Moran's I were 0.366,0.364 and 0.358(P＜0.01),suggesting that the incidence of TB had a spatial clustering in China;Local Getis-OrdGi spatial autocorrelation analysis by ArcGIS software showed that there was 11 cluster areas,3 high incidence areas (Xinjiang,Tibet,Qinghai) and 8 low incidence areas (Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Hebei,Inner Mongolia,Shanxi,Shandong,Jiangsu).Conclusion The incidence of TB had obviously spatial clustering characteristic,the areas at high risk were mainly in the northwestern and plateau area in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the spatial distribution of the incidence of tuberculosis (TB)in China from 2012 to 2014 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of TB.Methods The database of TB in China from 2012 to 2014 was established by using geographical information system,the spatial distribution map was drawn,trend analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis were conducted to explore the spatial distribution pattern of TB and identify hot areas.Results The trend surface analysis showed that the incidence of TB decreased gradually from the west to the east in China,and the U type curve could reflect the TB distribution from the south to the north;Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed the 2012-2014 global Moran's I were 0.366,0.364 and 0.358(P＜0.01),suggesting that the incidence of TB had a spatial clustering in China;Local Getis-OrdGi spatial autocorrelation analysis by ArcGIS software showed that there was 11 cluster areas,3 high incidence areas (Xinjiang,Tibet,Qinghai) and 8 low incidence areas (Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Hebei,Inner Mongolia,Shanxi,Shandong,Jiangsu).Conclusion The incidence of TB had obviously spatial clustering characteristic,the areas at high risk were mainly in the northwestern and plateau area in China.